<p>Carbrook Lutheran Cemetery is a heritage-listed cemetery at Mount Cotton Road, Carbrook, City of Logan, Queensland, Australia. It was built from onwards. It is also known as St Paul&#39;s Lutheran Church. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 August 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The history of closer settlement in the Logan district began with the proclamation of the Logan Agricultural Reserve in 1861, following the Crown Lands Act of 1860. This made land in the area available for purchase or selection at £1 an acre. British, Irish and Germans began to take up land, but the first concentrated group of settlers were the 22 families from north-eastern Germany who arrived in four ships between 1863 and 1864 and established themselves in the area now called Bethania. These people were mainly farmers and had been brought out as a result of co-operation between the Lutheran Church in Germany and Johann Christian Heussler, at the time Emigration Agent of the Queensland Government in Germany.</p><br>
<p>The cohesiveness and self-sufficiency of this group did much to ensure the success of the settlement. The Brisbane Courier of March 1, 1866, commented that their progress was being followed with great interest in their home towns and expressed the hope that this would encourage the immigration of similar groups. In most parts of Europe, at the time, it was almost impossible for a tenant farmer to aspire to owning his own farm. The offer by the young colony of land orders to those who paid their own passage to Queensland combined with economic and political pressures in Prussia provided a great incentive to make the move. Many families from this part of Germany took up the challenge, including that of Hermann Meisenner whose application for a selection on the Logan was accepted on 20 April 1868. His application was rapidly followed by those of other families and their settlement was named Gramzow after a small village of Gramzow in the Uckermark area near Prenzlau from which a number of them came.</p><br>
<p>These people had transplanted their culture and customs to Queensland including their Lutheran faith. At first, the Gramzow families and a similar group who had settled nearby at Mount Cotton, attended Pastor Haussmann&#39;s Bethesda Mission near Beenleigh, but the distance was too great for many to travel. The two communities therefore agreed to join forces to found a church of their own and in 1875 Pastor Haussmann purchased ten acres from the Government midway between Gramzow and Mount Cotton. Three acres of this were cleared for a church and cemetery.</p><br>
<p>A building committee consisting of August von Senden, Detlef Holtorf, Philipp and Joh Benfer, Hermann Holzapfel, Friedrich Stern, Paul Schroeder and Johannes Sommer was set up and by the following year the Church of St Paul was completed at a cost of £130, of which £100 had been raised by subscription. Within twelve months the remaining debt of £30 was repaid. The church was built by members of the community in a traditional north German style with hand-made brick nogging in a timber frame that had been axe-dressed and fixed with wooden pegs. This church was demolished in 1951 and a new church built on land at Mount Cotton.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery that was formerly attached to this church and which contains the graves of most members of the foundation committee and other pioneers of the Gramzow and Mount Cotton areas continues in use.</p><br>
<p>In 1916, due to anti-German sentiment that developed during the First World War, the Gramzow area was renamed Carbrook. Besides the cemetery, the Old Carbrook State School and Kruger&#39;s Fachwerk Farmhouse remain from the settlement period.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery is situated at the corner of Mount Cotton Road and Wuduru Road. A perimeter plantation consisting of a double row of regularly spaced mature pine trees planted in the 1960s borders the whole block. There are no other cemetery plantings.</p><br>
<p>As the church originally fronted Mount Cotton Road the graves are arranged in an area on the western side of the block that was originally behind the church. There are at present over one hundred burials with memorials, although many of the earliest graves are no longer marked. The earliest grave still identified is that of Detlef Holtorf, buried in 1881.</p><br>
<p>The majority of the graves are those of the pioneers of the Gramzow and Mount Cotton areas and those of their descendants. Many of the earlier monuments are inscribed in German, which was the language in which services were conducted at St Pauls church until 1924. This is standard or "high" German, although the Scheer grave carries an inscription "De Heer is myn Herder" (The Lord is my shepherd) in Platt Deutsch, the dialect that was spoken at home although seldom written.</p><br>
<p>The graves are arranged in clearly definable family plots. Until comparatively recently. these were each bordered by a neat fence. This may reflect the rural nature of the site and the desire to keep grazing animals away from burials, thus preserving the dignity of the graveyard. However, possibly in the 1980s, fences and the metal rails and markers were removed in order to facilitate mechanical mowing. Holes indicating the position of these can still be seen in the hard earth. One grave, that of Lizzie Benfer, is topped by an ornate carving of an angel, but the majority of the monuments are of the upright slab type, most favouring an austere simplicity of style. Several are inscribed with lengthy texts or poems. Recent burials are marked only by small, uniform metal plates.</p><br>
<p>There is a lone grave on the extreme southern edge of the cemetery outside the line of trees. It is that of Walter Costin, stated in the coroner&#39;s report to have died by his own hand. Burial of suicides outside consecrated ground was formerly a common practice.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Carbrook Lutheran Cemetery was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 August 1997 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Carbrook Lutheran Cemetery, developed in 1875, is significant for providing evidence of the history and demography of Carbrook, formerly known as Gramzow, and the surrounding districts.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The site has potential to yield information that contributes to the understanding of a small and extremely cohesive group of German settlers who were played a vital role in the original settlement of the Logan district.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery is significant aesthetically for the cohesive nature of the cemetery set in a rural setting with clearly definable family plots. The use of "Platt Deutsch", a German dialect that was spoken but seldom written, for inscriptions is considered unusual.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery has a strong association with the Carbrook district&#39;s community and in particular the German Lutheran Church who, in co-operation with John Heussler, the Emigration Agent for Queensland, was responsible for the emigration of the original group of German pioneers. The strong and continuous presence of a German community in the district since the 1860s is also considered significant.</p><br>
<p>The Ducros Plantation  is a Southern plantation located in Schriever, Louisiana.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The plantation is located in Schriever, Terrebone Parish, Louisiana. It is two miles and a half away from Thibodaux.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land was granted by Spain to Thomas Villanueva Barroso who, 10 years later, sold it to Pierre Denis de La Ronde whose son-in-law, Adolphe Ducros, developed it into the Ducros Plantation. In 1845, Ducros sold it to Colonel Van Perkins Winder. Winder expanded the acreage by purchasing adjacent land formerly owned by Thomas Butler and smaller farms.</p><br>
<p>The mansion was built by Winders widow, Martha Grundy, who was Felix Grundys daughter, shortly after her husbands death. Construction began in 1859 and it was completed in 1860. It was designed in the Greek Revival architectural style. Martha hired a Louisiana architect named Evens and told him to model the mansion on The Hermitage, Andrew Jacksons plantation home in Nashville, Tennessee. Indeed, she had grown up in Nashville.</p><br>
<p>During the American Civil War of 1861-1865, the mansion was saved from a fire by Union General Godfrey Weitzel. However, the outbuildings burned down. Meanwhile, the fields were used as a camping ground by the Confederate States Army and the Unionists. The Texas Rangers hoisted Bonnie Blue Flag, a flag of the Confederate States of America, on top of the house.</p><br>
<p>In 1872, the plantation was purchased by two brothers, R.S. Woods and R.C. Woods, who were married to two sisters, Maggie Pugh and Fannie Pugh. It became known as the Old Jackson Plantation. It is two-story high, with a white facade.</p><br>
<p>It was purchased by Samuel and Leon Polmer in 1909. It was later inherited by Leon Polmer&#39;s sons, Irvin and Marvin.</p><br>
<p>The plantation is now owned by the Bourgeois family. It was featured on If These Walls Could Talk, a television program on HGTV, in 2002. Old wood with inscriptions about the secession of South Carolina and the presidential run of Stephen A. Douglas in 1860 have been found on the property.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage significance</h2><br>
<p>It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since November 7, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Solomon Roadhouse, also known as the Curran&#39;s Roadhouse, is a historic travel accommodation in northwestern Arctic Alaska. It is a two-story frame building located a short way north of the small community of Solomon, which is at the mouth of the Solomon River about 30 mi east of Nome on the Nome-Council Highway. The roadhouse was built in 1904, during the days of the Nome Gold Rush, which brought many miners to the Solomon River as well, resulting in the establishment of the communities of Solomon and Dickson, and the construction of a railroad. After the gold rush declined and the communities were devastated by storms and floods, the roadhouse and other buildings were relocated about a mile north of the coast in the 1930s. The roadhouse operated until the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>The roadhouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Lagassey Farm is a historic farmstead at 786 Main Street in St. Agatha, Maine. The 162 acre property is locally significant as a farm property that was worked continuously by the same family for more than 150 years, dating to the period of the area&#39;s earliest settlement. Its surviving buildings are all 20th century structures, but may contain elements of older buildings. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Lagassey Farm is set about 3 mi east of the main village of St. Agatha, on Main Street (Maine State Route 162). It consists of a roughly wedge-shaped parcel, 162 acre in size, with about 1,600 ft of frontage on Long Lake at the northeastern end, and 900 ft of width at its southwestern end, about 1.35 mi away. The property is a combination of woodland and open fields, and includes the narrow strip of land between Main Street and the lake. Of the 91 acre of agricultural fields, about half are under a federal crop protection program and are normally out of production except for period mowing.</p><br>
<p>The farmhouse is set on the southwest side of Main Street. It is a two-story wood frame structure, with an asphalt shingle roof and a concrete foundation. The front facade (facing northeast) is three bays wide on the first level and two on the second. A single-story hip-roof porch extends across the front and around to the left, with a solid shingled balustrade and square posts. The main entrance is off-center in the central bay, with a single sash window to its left and a double sash window to its right. The second level has a pair of symmetrically-placed sash windows. The southeast and northwest elevations have two sash windows at each level, the southeast also having a secondary entrance between the windows. The interior follows a fairly typical central-hall plan, with four rooms on each floor.</p><br>
<p>The property (or at least some property in the area) was known to be in the hands of Joseph Lagasse as early as 1874, although he did not receive a deed for this property until 1892. It was a fairly common practice of the period to require homesteaders to clear and develop land before they would be granted title. In proceedings relating to an 1874 court case over conflicting land claims, Lagasse claimed to have occupied the land in 1851. His 1892 deed was for 169 acre; the property has since shrunk due to the sale of house lots along its edges. The present house was built in 1946, replacing Joseph Lagasse&#39;s original homestead. When the property was surveyed in 2008 for listing on the National Register of Historic Places, a number of outbuildings; including a barn and granary containing elements of 19th-century buildings, were describe. It is unclear whether these buildings are still standing; they do not appear on satellite views of the property.</p><br>
<p>Pond Island is a small 32 acre island in Penobscot Bay, on the central coast of Maine, United States. The island is a conservation property of the Maine Coast Heritage Trust, and is open to the public, with two small campsites. The island was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 for the significance of its prehistoric archaeological sites. It is named for the saltwater pond located at its center.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Pond Island is located in Penobscot Bay, south of the western portion of Brooksville and roughly west of Little Deer Isle, one of the major islands of the town of Deer Isle. The island is geologically a combination of barrier sand dunes that were joined at a small knoll, with a small pond at its center that is connected to the bay via a tidal channel. The island is oriented roughly east-west, with slight tilt placing the western end further north than the eastern. Off the western end is a smaller islet called John&#39;s Head, which is joined to the island at low tide. The eastern end of the island is subject to erosion.</p><br>
<p>The island consists of a combination of sand dunes and salt marshes, woods and meadows, in addition to the salt pond. This mix of habitats supports a wide array of wildlife, mainly shorebirds and wading birds. Johns Head is a significant nesting area for gulls, eiders, and guillemots. There are two small campsites available for public use (advance permission required for their use by larger groups), and a trail leads to the islands high point.</p><br>
<p>The area around the salt pond is known to be rich in archaeological artifacts; investigation has yielded evidence of human habitation dating from historic times as far back as 2000 years. The island was purchased c. 1979 by Philadelphia Conservationists, Inc., a Pennsylvania-based conservation group. It granted Acadia National Park a "forever wild" conservation easement to the island in 1982, and turned it over to the Maine Coast Heritage Trust in 1995. The island was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 for its archaeological significance.</p><br>
<p>The Black Oak Cemetery is a historic cemetery in a remote area of Washington County, Arkansas, southwest of Greenland. It is located on a knob of land at the southern end of a north-south ridge east of Miller Mountain, and is best accessed via spur road running northward from Illinois Chapel Road  west of Arkansas Highway 265. The 3 acre cemetery contains an estimated 300 burials, with known dates of burial ranging from 1843 to 1935. The entrance to the cemetery is marked by a pair of stone piers, and its northern extent is thought to be marked by a line of cedar trees. Some of Washington County&#39;s earliest settlers are buried in this cemetery, including its first territorial representative, John Alexander.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Cullman Historic District is a historic district in Cullman, Alabama. The district covers 89 acres  and has 77 contributing properties, which are predominantly residential buildings. The town was founded in 1873 by German merchant John G. Cullmann on land along the Louisville and Nashville Railroad line between Huntsville and Birmingham. The earliest residential development came in the form of log houses, many of which were replaced by stately Victorian and Queen Anne homes in the 1880s and 1890s. In the early 20th century, many homes with Eastlake details were constructed. Beginning in the 1920s, many bungalows were built. After the 1930s, most houses built were more spartan, however some notable Jacobethan Revival are represented. Other notable buildings in the district are the Works Progress Administration-built East Elementary School  and the St. John&#39;s United Church of Christ .</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The McCosh Grist Mill is a historic grist mill near Rock Mills in Randolph County, Alabama. The mill was built in the early 1870s, and is the oldest extant stone grist mill in Alabama. It was built by James Eichelburger McCosh, whose grandfather, Jacob Eichelburger, operated earlier mills that were similar to those in his native Pennsylvania. McCosh also owned 500 acres  of farmland nearby, and later added a cotton gin to the site. The mill operated until 1958, and was purchased in 1970 by the United States Army Corps of Engineers as part of the West Point Lake reservoir project.</p><br>
<p>The mill sits on the sloped bank of Wehadkee Creek, and is 3.5 stories tall on the stream side and 2.5 stories on the bank side. It is constructed of unfinished stones, however features details such as finished stones as quoins, courses of rectangular stones between the doors and cornice, and half millstones as window and door arches. There are two entrances on the main floor, with a large opening above that was probably used to hoist grain to the upper story for storage. The side elevations have two windows per floor, while the rear has four, all with stone sills and wooden lintels. The creek side originally featured a 12-foot wide by 20-foot diameter (3.5 by 6 m) water wheel, which was replaced with three turbines around 1900. The dam which fed the mill race sits about 500 feet (150 m) upstream, is 8 feet high by 125 feet long (2.5 by 38 m), and is also constructed of stone.</p><br>
<p>The mill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Rovte Hills  are a group of hills in western Slovenia.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Rovte Hills are a hilly prealpine area between the Žiri Basin (Žirovska kotlina) and the Logatec Karst Field (Logaško polje) through which the Škofja Loka Hills (Škofjeloško hribovje) and Polhov Gradec Hills (Polhograjsko hribovje) transition into the karst area of the Idrija Hills (Idrijsko hribovje), Hotenjka Lowland (Hotenjsko podolje), and Logatec Basin. The hills are named after Rovte, which is the largest settlement in the area. Most of the area is part of the Ljubljanica and Sora watersheds, and a smaller portion is part of the Idrijca watershed. Many creeks rise in the central part of the hills, composed of impermeable rock. These include Sovra Creek, Rovtarica Creek, Hotenjka Creek, and White Creek (Bela), and they have carved ravines into the hills. Rounded hills rise above them, with typical names such as Marinc Hill (Marinčev grič), Bear Hill (Medvedje brdo), and Grass Peak (Travni vrh), as well as small karstified plateaus. Permeable rock predominates on the margins of the hills, where larger watercourses have carved deep valleys. The highest point in the Rovte Hills is Three Kings Peak (Vrh Sv. Treh Kraljev, 884 m). The elevation of the valley bottoms drops to around 500 m.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Rovte Hills were not settled until the late Middle Ages. Isolated farms were created in clearings, followed by hamlets and dispersed villages. The oldest settlements in the hills include Vrh Svetih Treh Kraljev, Hleviše, Zaplana, and Medvedje Brdo.</p><br>
<h2>Peaks</h2><br>
<p>The majority of peaks in the Rovte Hills are between 500 m and 900 m meters in elevation. The highest are:</p><br>
<p>*Three Kings Peak (Vrh Sv. Treh Kraljev, 884 m)</p><br>
<p>*Čemun Peak (Čemunski vrh, 837 m)</p><br>
<p>*Kovk Hill (824 m)</p><br>
<p>*Jelenšek Hill (812 m)</p><br>
<p>*Ulovka Hill (801 m)</p><br>
<p>The Tomb of Aurangzeb, the last of the great Mughal emperors, is located in Khuldabad, Maharashtra, India. Aurangzeb is buried in an unmarked grave at the complex of the dargah or shrine of Sheikh Zainuddin.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Aurangzeb (1618–1707), who was the sixth Mughal emperor, ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for half a century until he died in 1707. According to his wish, he was buried near the dargah of Sheikh Zainuddin, his "spiritual guru". His great grand father emperor Akbar ruled 50 years</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The tomb is located in the village of Khuldabad, in the district of Aurangabad, 24 km from Aurangabad city. It is located in the south-eastern corner of the complex of the dargah of Sheikh Zainuddin.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Aurangzeb died in 1707 at Ahmednagar. His body was then carried to Khuldabad after his son Azam Shah and daughter Zinat-un-Nissa came. There is a platform over the tomb made of red stone, less than three yards in length. There is also a "cavity" in the middle which measures a "few fingers". The tomb has been covered with soil on which herbs grow. After his burial, he was given the posthumous title of "Khuld-makan" ("he whose abode is in eternity"). Lord Curzon later covered the site with marble and surrounded it with a "pierced marble screen". The tomb is roofed by "the vault of the sky". The gateway and the domed porch were added in 1760.</p><br>
<p>It is said that Aurangzeb paid for his burial place by stitching caps during his last years and that it cost only 14 rupees and 12 annas. The tomb is "remarkably simple in keeping with Aurangzebs own wishes". Aurangzebs full name is written on a marble plate located in one of the corners of the tomb.</p><br>
<p>The dargah also houses the tomb of the first Nizam, Asaf Jah I, his son Nasir Jung, and those of Aurangzeb&#39;s son Azam Shah and his wife.</p><br>
<p>The Former Town House of Salem, Maine, now the Salem Community Building, is located on Maine State Route 142, a short way west of Mt. Abram Regional High School. Completed in 1858, it is the only civic building built during the existence of the municipality, which was established in 1823 and disincorporated in 1945. The church-like building is architecturally notable for its Italianate styling, and for its social history as the site of community social and government activity. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Salem town house stands on the north side of Maine State Route 142, roughly midway between Phillips and Kingfield, just west of the Mt. Abram Regional High School complex, in the most densely-built area of the former town of Salem. It is a basically rectangulare wood-frame structure, with a square section projecting at the front that provides the entrance vestibule and a tower. The entry is a single door topped by a shallow hood, with flanking narrow sash windows. The walls on either side of the projecting section have larger sash windows. Above the entry the projecting section has a sash window, with a section of roof skirting separating the next stage of the tower, which is topped by an open belfry and a pyramidal roof. The building is otherwise clad in clapboard siding. The right side of the building has a narrow addition with a shed roof whose line begins just below that of the main roof, and there is a single-story addition to the rear. The interior of the building consists of a large open space, with the addition housing a kitchen and restrooms.</p><br>
<p>The area that is now the former town of Salem was first settled in 1814, and successfully petitioned for separation from neighboring Phillips and Freeman in 1823 as "North Salem". The town was renamed "Salem" in 1834. The towns population peaked at 561 in 1840. Civic meetings were held in convenient local buildings, including barns, stores, and a starch factory building, before this town house was built in 1857-58. The building was also used for religious services by a variety of local denominations, a fairly common practice of the period. The tower is probably a later addition, because it more closely resembles typical church construction of the 1890s-1910s. At the 1940 census the towns population had declined to 78, and it relinquished its municipal charter to the state in 1945. The town house and adjacent cemetery were sold for $1 to the non-profit Mount Abran Cemetery Association, which has maintained the building as a community hall since.</p><br>
<p>The Peter Powers House is a historic house on Sunshine Road, just east of Maine State Route 15 in Deer Isle, Maine. This 1-1/2 story Cape style house was built in 1785 for Rev. Peter Powers, the first settled minister of the town, and is the oldest surviving house in the town. It is also architecturally distinctive as a rare regional example of a gambrel-roofed Cape. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Powers House is set on the south side of Sunshine Road, just east of its junction with Maine State Route 15 and about 0.5 mi south of the central village of Deer Isle. The house is oriented facing south, away from the road and toward a cove that is connected to the island&#39;s Southeast Harbor. It is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, three bays wide, with a central chimney, gambrel roof, clapboard siding, and a stone foundation. It has very plain exterior styling, with a center entrance flanked by sash windows. A second entry was added c. 1960 to the east side in a projecting single-story gambrel-roofed vestibule. The interior is simple but well-preserved, with two rooms on each floor, and original fireplaces.</p><br>
<p>The First Congregational Church of Deer Isle was organized in 1773, and in 1785 offered its first permanent ministerial position to Peter Powers of Newbury, Vermont. Powers was a prominent Harvard-educated minister who had helped found Dartmouth College in 1769, whose previous parish he had been at odds with over its political leanings toward the British during the recently ended American Revolutionary War. Powers served the community until his death in 1800. The house built for him 1785 is oldest intact house of the period in Deer Isle, and is rare in the state for its use of a gambrel roof, particularly on a Cape style house.</p><br>
<p>The Kohlbergspitze is a high summit on the main chain  of the Ammergau Alps in Tyrol, Austria. Less common names for the mountain are the Zigersteinjoch, Stapferwiesjoch and Zigerstein . With its 300-metre-high north faces and grassy and less steep southern slopes is the first prominent summit in the western part of the main chain.</p><br>
<h2>Ascent</h2><br>
<p>The Kohlbergspitze can be climbed on a waymarked path in 3 hours from Bichlbach. The path runs initially up the wooded southern slopes, later through fields of mountain pine and finally up a grassy slope from the southeast to the summit. An alternative ascent climbs from the west over schrofen terrain to the highest point and is classified as a grade I climb.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Dieter Seibert: Allgäuer Alpen Alpin, Alpine Club Guide. Bergverlag Rudolf Rother, Munich, 2004,</p><br>
<p>Alpine Club map 1:25,000, Sheet 4/1, Wetterstein West</p><br>
<p>Kompass Digital Map Tirol, Version 2.4.1.0, Kompass Karten GmbH Innsbruck</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Logatec Karst Field or Logatec Polje  is a karst field near Logatec in southwestern Slovenia . Geographically, it corresponds to the floor of the Logatec Basin . It lies at an elevation between 470 m and 490 m and encompasses about 6 km&sup2; of mostly grassy terrain. Logaščica Creek, a losing stream, runs across the karst field and collects ambient water. The karst field often flooded in the past, and so land improvement was carried out. The northern part of the Logatec Karst Field is called the Empty Karst Field  and the main road from Logatec to Vrhnika runs across it, passing through the linden-lined section known as the Napoleon Avenue . The southern part of the karst field is known as the Lower Logatec Karst Field , or metonymically as the Logatec Karst Field . The A1 Freeway from Ljubljana to Koper passes along the southeast edge of the karst field.</p><br>
<p>Khushal Sar is a lake in highly deteriorated condition, located in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It has been encroached upon at many places with illegal construction and landfilling. The lake once stretched from Zoonimar up to the Aali Masjid but now it is considerably reduced. It is connected to the Anchar lake via a small channel. Another smaller lake, known as Gilsar, is connected to the Khushal Sar via a narrow strait, which is spanned by a bridge known as Gil Kadal. The Gilsar lake is in turn connected to the Nigeen lake via the Nallah Amir Khan. Until the 1970s, the Mar Canal drained into this lake providing navigability up to Ganderbal via the Anchar lake. After the filling up of the Mar Canal, the condition of the lake deteriorated further.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Charles Fox Brown House is a historic house at 420 Drennan Street in Van Buren, Arkansas. It is a single story brick structure, whose main block is five bays wide, with a small secondary block set back from the front at the left, and an ell extending to the rear. It has a side-gable roof, with a front-facing gable above the centered entrance, which is further sheltered by a flat-roof portico supported by four columns. The eaves are studded with brackets, and there are a pair of round-arch windows in the front-facing gable. The house was built in 1867 for Dr. Charles Fox Brown, and is unusual for the original 19th-century surgery, located in the secondary block. The house is stylistically a distinctive blend of Greek Revival and Italianate styles.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Geierköpfe form a triple-summited mountain massif in the Ammergau Alps in Tyrol, Austria. The main summit is high, the West Top high and the East Top. The summit group is located southwest of the Ammer Saddle.</p><br>
<p>The West Top can be climbed either from the Plansee lake or from a small car park on the road linking the Plansee via the Ammer Saddle to Schloss Linderhof (ca. 2 km south of Hotel Ammerwald on the bridge over the Teufelsbach) in about 3½ hours. This is an easy mountain tour; only at a few places just below the summit is there a requirement to use hands as well as feet.</p><br>
<p>The crossing from West Top to the main summit is rather more challenging and requires sure-footedness and a head for heights.</p><br>
<p>The arête walk from the main summit to the East Top requires sure-footed negotiation of schrofen terrain and, at one spot, climbing to grade II standard and is only recommended for experienced mountaineers.</p><br>
<p>The West Top can also be ascended from the Ammer Saddle as an interesting ski tour. Because of the dense belt of mountain pine, however, a high level of snow is needed. The descent from the gully at the exit to the cirque on the north side is sometimes rather tricky. If there is little snow (when it is very steep) or the snow is hard, ice picks and crampons are recommended.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Dieter Seibert: AVF Allgäuer Alpen und Ammergauer Alpen, Rother Verlag, Munich, 2004,</p><br>
<p>The Roanoke Downtown Historic District is a historic district in Roanoke, Alabama. Roanoke was settled in the 1830s, but became a major agricultural trading center in East Alabama following the Civil War. The Central of Georgia Railway extended its line to the town in 1887, soon followed by the Atlanta, Birmingham and Atlantic Railway, and a large cotton warehouse was founded the same year. The commercial district began growing from this time, mostly with one-story brick structures, some of which carry influences from Romanesque Revival, Italianate, and Beaux-Arts details. The W. A. Handley Company built a textile mill in Roanoke in 1901, which would remain the major employer in the town until its closing in the early 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The district consists of 68 contributing properties, covering about 18 acres (7 ha) around the intersection of six streets at the town&#39;s center. Although most buildings are one story, notable multi-story buildings include the two-story Bank Building, built in Beaux-Arts style around 1909 in a wedge-shaped lot in the center of the district, and the three-story First National Bank building, built in 1920 in Neoclassical style. Also notable are the Romanesque Old City Hall (1890), the Victorian Gothic First Baptist Church (1901), and the Art Moderne City Hall (1935).</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Old St Marks Anglican Church is a heritage-listed former church and current church hall at 2 Boronia Drive, Daisy Hill, City of Logan, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1901 by W Anthony. It is also known as St Marks Anglican Church. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 30 March 2001.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Winnetts Road property on which St Mark&#39;s Anglican church is sited was donated in 1880 by the Gommersall family for use as a community burial ground. Mrs and Mrs Gommersall were the first to be buried in the cemetery and their graves are dated 1883.</p><br>
<p>On Friday 9 March 1900, a committee formed by local families met in the local school building to plan for the building of a church in Slacks Creek and it was agreed to build the church within the site originally set aside for burials. At its meeting on 10 September 1900, the committee decided to call tenders for a church of plain weatherboard, 20 feet by 20 feet, also a porch to same, 6 feet by 6 feet which was to accommodate 24 worshippers.</p><br>
<p>Only one tender for a church at Slacks Creek was submitted, and builder W Anthony&#39;s price of eight-five pounds and ten shillings was accepted in January 1901.</p><br>
<p>The church of St Mark was dedicated on 21 April 1901 by Bishop William Webber. Later additions to the original building include a vestry added at the north-eastern end and the lining of the ceiling and walls internal walls.</p><br>
<p>Surrounding the church, the cemetery contains the graves of several of the original parish council members who were instrumental in the planning and construction of old St Mark&#39;s. The 1901 parish council included Thomas White, Thomas Usher, Robert Gommersall, Frederick Armstrong and William Winnett. The Winnett family graves are located in close proximity to the rear of the church. There are also other well known local families and settlers in the cemetery such as the Ushers, Murrays, Morrows and Shailers.</p><br>
<p>In 1977 when St Marks, Slacks Creek was formed as a separate parish the rectory was built at No 4 Boronia Avenue. By 1978 the church could no longer accommodate the growth in population and from that time services were held in the rectory garage until the second church was built adjacent to the original church. The 1901 church was converted for use as a hall by the parish and the community. To celebrate the church&#39;s centenary in conjunction with the Centenary of Federation celebrations, the church was recommissioned on 30 March 2001. As part of this celebration, the church was restored, its early furniture and fittings returned and disabled access provided.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St Mark&#39;s Anglican Church is located on a south-west facing slope on 6212m2 overlooking Winnetts Road at Slacks Creek. Located in the grounds of an earlier cemetery, the church is a simple timber building with a steeply pitched painted roof of corrugated iron. It is lowset on concrete stumps and is clad with painted weatherboards. The gabled roof porch at its south-western end has a valance of simple detailing, the vestry is attached at the north-eastern end of the building and has a skillion roof. The roof space is ventilated with timber louvred vents at each end.</p><br>
<p>The original porch roof that extended over a narrow landing and stairs survives but the flooring has been replaced. The recently constructed landing and disabled access ramp replace a later set of stairs and landing.</p><br>
<p>The walls of the interior of the nave are lined vertically with silky oak v-jointed tongue and groove boards and the boards to the ceiling are laid along its length. From the wall the ceiling follows the line of the rafters, then the pitch is reduced up to a central section of flat ceiling. A pair of iron tie rods provide structural stability.</p><br>
<p>All of the joinery is of silky oak and includes a belt rail, pair of doors and six lancet shaped windows, three to each side wall with a nine pane central pivoting sash beneath a fixed sash of six. panes. The whole of the interior of the nave is unpainted and is clear finished. The vestry is unlined and unpainted.</p><br>
<p>Whilst the church is orientated so that it faces the road, the graves within the cemetery are orientated east west with headstones facing east up the hill and away from the church. There are 32 marked graves and 20 unmarked graves with 2 reserved and 15 vacant plots.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Old St Mark&#39;s Anglican Church was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 30 March 2001 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>St Mark&#39;s Anglican Church and its cemetery, an early community burial ground donated by a local resident, is a strong focus of the community of Logan City and provides evidence of the efforts of the early pioneers within the locality and the development of the Anglican Church within it.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The siting of St Marks church within a graveyard is of particular interest as it provides evidence of an uncommon aspect of our cultural heritage. This practice has a long history and is one which has been largely discontinued. The collection of memorials and gravestones in the graveyard at St Marks Anglican Church records unique documentary information that is of interest to historians, genealogists and relatives of the deceased providing evidence of early settlers and those closely associated with the founding of the church in the local area.</p><br>
<p>Through its unpainted interior linings and its retention of early fixtures and fittings, St Mark&#39;s Anglican Church also demonstrates an uncommon example of an intact interior in a timber church.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>St Mark&#39;s Anglican Church and its cemetery, an early community burial ground donated by a local resident, is a strong focus of the community of Logan City and provides evidence of the efforts of the early pioneers within the locality and the development of the Anglican Church within it.</p><br>
<p>The Wadley Railroad Depot is a historic train station in Wadley, Alabama. The depot was built in 1907 along the Atlanta, Birmingham, and Atlantic Railroad line as part of an expansion from West Point, Georgia, to Talladega, Alabama. The Callaway Corporation, who operated numerous textile mills along the Chattahoochee River and later founded Callaway Gardens, purchased the land that would later become the town of Wadley, intending to build a mill in the town. The deal fell through before the mill was built, but the town continued as a local agricultural trading hub. The station closed to passenger traffic in 1964, and the line eventually came under the control of CSX Transportation.</p><br>
<p>The depot is one of only four surviving Mission Revival train stations in Alabama (the others being the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Passenger Terminal in Mobile; the Louisville and Nashville Railroad Depot in Cullman; and the Nashville, Chattanooga, and St. Louis Railroad Depot in the Bridgeport Historic District in Bridgeport). The one-story depot has a clay tile hipped roof, with partially exposed rafter ends and large, bracketed overhangs. The south façade has an arched central opening with a double-leaf door flanked by leaded glass sidelights and topped with an arched transom. The east, track-facing, elevation has a Spanish-style frontone, to the north of which is a raised platform with two sliding wood cargo doors and two passenger door openings. The interior is divided into a passenger lobby and offices at the south end, with a waiting room and ticket office in the center, and a large cargo room at the north.</p><br>
<p>The depot was named to the Alabama Historical Commission&#39;s Places in Peril list in 2009, which led to a community effort to preserve the building. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>The Sheboygan Indian Mound Park is a public park in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. Its main attraction is 18 Indian burial mounds distributed over 15 acres. The Kletzien Mound Group, located within the park, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. While the park is operated by the City of Sheboygan, it is surrounded by the Town of Wilson in a residential neighborhood. The park is protected under the Wisconsin Burial Sites Preservation Law.</p><br>
<p>In 1967 Julilly House Kohler organized and led a campaign to preserve the historic Indian mounds which resulted in the site being designated as a county park. In 1968 Kohler was the registered agent for the incorporation of the Sheboygan Indian Mound Park Association, Inc.</p><br>
<p>The Kennedy House  is a historic residence in Abbeville, Alabama. The house was built around 1870 by William Calvin Bethune, a local physician. The house changed hands several times before being acquired by William and Mollie Kennedy in 1885. The Kennedys, who were Henry County farmers, used it as a town house. It remained in the family until 1974, when it was purchased by the local Board of Education. The house was later owned by the Abbeville Chamber of Commerce.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in Creole cottage style, common along the Gulf coast, but more rare inland. The side gable roof has exterior chimneys in each end, and also covers a full-width front porch. A tall frieze is supported by four Doric columns, with matching pilasters on the corners of the house. Twin six-panel entry doors open into separate rooms, each of which contains an original fireplace mantel. The northern room has an enclosed stair hall leading to the finished attic space. The rear originally had a porch and breezeway connected to a kitchen, however this was removed in the early 1900s and replaced with an addition containing bedrooms. This addition was removed in the 1970s by the Board of Education.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in 1976 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Park Place–Arroyo Terrace Historic District is a residential historic district located in northwest Pasadena, California. The district includes eleven contributing houses built from 1902 to 1912. Most of the houses in the district were influenced by the Arts and Crafts Movement, which was popular in Pasadena in the early 20th century; particular styles in the district include the American Craftsman house, the Craftsman bungalow, the Colonial Revival house, and the Prairie School house. Prominent Pasadena architects Charles and Henry Greene designed seven of the districts houses; the district is the most concentrated collection of their works in Pasadena. Two other noted Craftsman architects, Myron Hunt and Sylvanus Marston, also designed homes in the district, including Hunts own residence.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 29, 2007.</p><br>
<p>Kingston Pioneer Cemetery is a heritage-listed cemetery at Bega Road, Kingston, City of Logan, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1896 to 1941. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 26 May 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Kingston Pioneer Cemetery, on 2 small blocks of land in Kingston, was used as burial ground at least between 1896 and 1941. It is not known exactly when the land first came into use as a cemetery; however, the first known burial was in 1896 and the last in 1941. The graves of early pioneers, Charles and Harriett Kingston and John and Emily Mayes, are located in the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Captain Patrick Logan led the first expedition to explore the area south of Brisbane in 1827, and travelled through the area now known as Logan City. He described the area as having very fine timber and quite a few swamps. In 1849, ten years after the closure of the Moreton Bay convict settlement, the 50 mile ban around the settlement was lifted, and the first leases of land around the Logan River took place. With the separation of Queensland from New South Wales in 1859, the new Queensland Government realised there was a problem, having too much land and not enough residents. Consequently, the government embarked on a program to encourage new immigrants to settle in Queensland from overseas, by giving them a land order when they arrived.</p><br>
<p>Europeans began to settle around Loganholme in 1863, growing crops such as cotton and sugar cane. Already by this time, a cotton mill and sugar mill had been established. In 1868 James Trahey purchased a block of land where the Kingston railway station would eventually be located. At the time the area was known as Scrubby Creek. Trahey was the first settler to buy land in the area; however he moved away after only a very brief time.</p><br>
<p>Charles Kingston and his family (after whom the suburb was named) arrived in Australia in 1857. The family moved around the Brisbane area several times, including to Redbank, Oxley and Eight Mile Plains before settling on land near Scrubby Creek which Kingston had purchased in 1872. The Kingston&#39;s property was known as Oakwood. John Mayes and his family also moved to the Scrubby Creek area from England around the same time as the Kingstons. Other settlers, such as James Laughlin and the Armstrongs also selected land in the vicinity.</p><br>
<p>Early industries that thrived in the area were timber getting, cotton growing and sugar growing. But it was soon realised that the area was very suitable for dairying and fruit growing due to the Logan River, and small swamps and creeks in the area. Both the Kingston and the Mayes families were involved in fruit growing, particularly grapes, and the area became known to produce excellent wines before the 1900s. There was also a coal mine and a metal and gravel quarry in the area.</p><br>
<p>In 1877 the first post office for the immediate area was established, on the same site as Oakwood (the Kingstons home). Eight years later, in 1885 a rail service from Loganlea to Stanley Street in Brisbane was opened, the tracks passed through Charles Kingstons property.</p><br>
<p>In 1888, Charles and his wife Harriett returned to visit England, and on their return made plans to build a new house, much grander than the first. The new home was built in 1890, on a hill which overlooked the railway station. Kingston House became a landmark for the district and is heritage-listed today. Their home (now at 5 Collin Court) could be seen from many points around Kingston, and the large ballroom in Kingston House was the centre of social life in the district. Charles Kingston died in 1904, three months after he and Harriett celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary. Harriett Kingston died in 1911. Both are buried at the Kingston Pioneer cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Although the area in which the Kingston Pioneer Cemetery is situated is marked on an 1875 map as a reserve, it is not specifically labelled as a cemetery reserve and the date of the first burial is unknown. The earliest known grave is the cemetery is that of Frances Armstrong who was buried there in 1896.</p><br>
<p>The graves of John and Emily Mayes are also found in the Kingston Pioneer Cemetery. John, Emily and their two small children arrived in Australia as free settlers on July 9, 1871 from England aboard the Indus. The family moved from Brisbane to Waterford, where they selected a property of 321 acres soon after their arrival. The Mayes&#39; lease was subject to conditions requiring improvements under the provisions of the Crown Lands Alienation Act (1868). The Kingston family were also subject to the same leasing requirements.</p><br>
<p>When they arrived at what was to become Kingston, the Mayes family lived in a tent on the property, but in 1872 a small timber slab hut was constructed, now known as Mayes Cottage. The Mayes family were supported principally by timber getting on the property. Later, the Mayes family were involved in dairying and, in 1906, purchased shares in the newly formed Kingston Cooperative Dairy Company.</p><br>
<p>John Mayes died on June 10, 1908 and was buried in the Kingston Pioneer Cemetery. Emily married John&#39;s brother Richard and moved to Mooloolah; however, following her death in 1933, she was buried in the Kingston Pioneer Cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Kingston Pioneer Cemetery is on two blocks of land either side of the driveway entering Kingston College, off Bega Road. The main, or larger, cemetery can be seen from Bega Road, the second, smaller cemetery, is located off Pioneer Road, in a south-easterly direction, approximately 50 metres from the main cemetery.</p><br>
<p>In the larger cemetery, which measures approximately 18 metres by 30 metres, there are eleven graves, five of which are multiple burials. Of the eleven graves, seven are identified and four are unmarked. It is possible that there are more unmarked graves indicated by the spacing between some of the visible plots. The cemetery is on a grassed area surrounded by a timber slip rail fence with an entrance gate along the eastern boundary. Along the western boundary of the fence there is a half metre gap between the cemetery and a small area of bushland.</p><br>
<p>A number of the graves are marked by large concrete headstones with decorative motifs. The grave of Charles Kingston is marked by an obelisk on a three tier plinth. The top of the obelisk has been broken off. Another grave, with two burials, is marked out by a low concrete enclosure with a concrete headstone with a marble plaque. Other graves are surrounded by metal fencing, some of which have decorative finials.</p><br>
<p>The smaller cemetery, which measures approximately 5 metres by 15 metres, is located off Pioneer Lane adjacent to Kingston College, and is thought to have been the Catholic section of the cemetery. In this cemetery there are 7 graves, one of which holds four burials. Two graves are unmarked; however, the size of the graves suggests the deceased may be children.</p><br>
<p>The grave with the four burials is identified with a large concrete cross with decorative motifs and a plaque with the names of the deceased, another grave is marked out by a simple white, timber cross. All the graves, including the two small, unmarked graves, are surrounded by a metal fence with decorative elements such as finials.</p><br>
<p>Logan City Council has placed interpretive signage at both cemeteries and both are currently maintained by the Council, which has also undertaken conservation work on some of the headstones.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Kingston Pioneer Cemetery was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 26 May 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The graves of Charles and Harriett Kingston and John and Emily Mayes are found in the cemetery. The Kingston and Mayes families were two of the first pioneer settlers in the area, which was then known as Scrubby Creek. The cemetery is significant not only as the final resting place of some of the earliest non-Indigenous settlers in the area, but is also significant for its association with the descendants of those buried in the cemetery many of whom remain in the Kingston/Logan area.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>It is significant for its association with the Kingston, Mayes and Armstrong families who contributed to the settlement and growth of the Logan area, particularly from the 1870s through to the mid-1940s.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery has a strong association with the people of Logan City, and the suburb of Kingston in particular.</p><br>
<p>The Old Logan Village State School is a heritage-listed former state school with teacher&#39;s residence at River and Wharf Streets, Logan Village, City of Logan, Queensland, Australia. It is also known as The Village of Logan Provisional School. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 December 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Logan Village School was built in 1900; the teachers residence (formally the Provisional School) is an earlier building dating from 1894. As a set, the two buildings represent the transition of educational facilities in early Queensland. The school is situated on River and Wharf Street, Logan Village. The buildings are situated a block from the Logan River and are surrounded by community sports grounds, childrens play grounds and landscaped gardens using native flora.</p><br>
<p>In 1826 Captain Patrick Logan, commandant of the Moreton Bay penal colony, explored the Logan and Albert Rivers. In the 1840s it was the timber-getters in search of cedar and hardwoods that moved into the district. These were the first Europeans in this area. By the 1860s, however, many Europeans from Germany, Ireland, and England had begun to establish settlement in the district. Under the Crown Land Alienation Act of 1860 settlers could purchase agricultural land for £1 per acre, this was a direct attempt by the Queensland Government to encourage agricultural and pastoral industry as a means to increase the wealth and productivity of the young colony. It was also a way to encourage immigration to the colony. In conjunction with the Land Act the government reserved large tracts of land, known as Agricultural Reserves. These areas were surveyed into small blocks, ready for sale. One of these reserves was on the Logan River. By 1862, 68 blocks had been selected by 27 selectors in the Logan Agricultural Reserve. Those farming the Logan area found it beneficial to farm several differing crops so as to help ensure a viable and sustainable food source for the farm&#39;s inhabitants as well as a means of generating income. These smaller farms grew cotton, some sugar, maize, arrowroot, vegetables and many moved into dairying in the early twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>The Village of Logan, as it was then known, was a closer settlement that began to prosper due to successful farming and its access to the Logan River. Logan Village was considered an important commercial settlement by its surrounding stations and settlements as far away as the southern border (New South Wales). Supplies were delivered to its wharf. By 1882 the village had a ferry, a hotel, a store and a church. It also had a reserved area for the future school.</p><br>
<p>Early education in Queensland was privately conducted and at Separation of Queensland from New South Wales in 1859 there were only two National Schools, located at Warwick and Drayton, and churches ran most schools. The Education Act of 1860 created a Board of General Education for Queensland and new schools were built, local communities contributing to the cost. In 1869, provisional schools were introduced to economically solve the problem of educating children in thinly populated areas. Under this scheme, the parents of the pupils provided a simple building and the authorities paid for a teacher and books.</p><br>
<p>From 1875 Logan Village used the local church for school. As enrolments were below 30 pupils, the Queensland Government recognised this school as a Provisional School. In the same year The Education Act was passed in the Queensland Parliament providing free (and compulsory) secular education, for all children. A major problem faced by the Logan Village Provisional School, and not an uncommon one in rural areas in Queensland at this time, was attendance. Many of the enrolled students would often spend many of their days working on the family farms.</p><br>
<p>Limited Government assistance was given, such as salary assistance for a teacher and the supply of state approved books. The community had to provide the school building as well as accommodation for the teacher. By 1882 the conditions within the Provisional School classroom had become crowded and unproductive for the children. In a report from the School Inspector the small school was described in this period: "Honest work is being done in the school and work of a reliable kind, considering the unsuitable school-room and antiquated furniture". The community realised that a new school was needed; children&#39;s education was seen as extremely important to the residents of Logan Village.</p><br>
<p>An important development for the Village was the railway link from Bethania to Logan Village, completed in 1885, this brought added prosperity to the Village due to an increase in traffic and trade to the area. It also provided a direct link to Brisbane other than the often unreliable waterway. With added prosperity the Village could afford to build a brand new school building.</p><br>
<p>By 1882 the condition of Provisional Schools was an embarrassment to the Department of Public instruction and measures were introduced in an attempt to improve their standard. In some cases, such as Logan Village, the government agreed to provide half the construction costs and a recommended plan and specifications were prepared by the Department of Public Instruction. These schools could not be built within four miles of another school; this was the case with Logan Village.</p><br>
<p>In 1882 a new school was requested by the Logan Village School Committee, composed solely of community members J. Powell, T. Bishop, J. Downman, H. Watson, I. Seymor, W. Drynan, and M. Hinchcliffe as Chairman. A petition was compiled to request permission from the Department of Public Instruction to build a new school building on Crown Land situated in Wharf Street. After constant campaigning from the School Committee to the Department of Public Instruction, in 1894 permission was finally granted and the community built the wooden school building for £116, half of which was paid for by the community, the other half by the Government. The wooden building was built under the Plans and Specifications detailed by the Department of Public Instruction. By 1899 enrolments in the Provisional School reached 43 students.</p><br>
<p>In 1899 plans were drawn to build another new school building and to convert the existing one into the Teacher Residence. Enrolments had increased and more room was needed for the children. The request was submitted to the Department of Public Instruction. To have the school approved as a State School meant that the government would essentially run it, with minimal cost to the community. The Logan Village School was gazetted as a State School in September 1900, and had an attendance of 43 pupils.</p><br>
<p>The Logan Village Hotel had previously been used for the accommodation of the teacher. Departmental policy was to provide married male head teachers in country areas with residences, thereby securing a resident caretaker and cleaner for the school in the person of the headmaster&#39;s wife. The requirements laid out by the Queensland Government in relation to the Teacher Residence specified a residence have no less than two rooms and a kitchen. What had been the Provisional School was converted to the Teacher Residence in 1900.</p><br>
<p>The new school building was built from the standard plans set forth by the Department of Public Instruction. These plans had been designed by R. Ferguson, Superintendent of School Buildings. The building was to be a low set, timber framed, single skinned building. Design features included were to provide the required minimum area of eight square feet per pupil, a wide veranda at the front, a level floor throughout, lining of the walls, improved ventilation, larger and higher set windows.</p><br>
<p>At the time of the transition from Provisional to State School in Logan Village changes to the school syllabus were put in place by the Department of Public Instruction. Increased writing, drawing and activity which required more space, greater detachment and privacy for the student were being taught in Queensland schools. Educationalists recommended that "an allowance of 18 inches per scholar at each desk and bench should be some multiple of 18 inches". These specifications were met within the new State School building in Logan Village.</p><br>
<p>In 1901, the Queensland State Primary School system consisted of six classes, each extending over one and a half years. The school year was divided into three terms called "half-years", with two holidays, five weeks in summer and one week in winter. The school day was eight hours. Lesson contact time was 4 hours and 50 minutes. The core subjects were reading, writing, arithmetic, grammar, geography, history, elementary mechanics, vocal music, drill and gymnastics and, for girls, sewing and needlework. The rest of the time was spent in neatness inspections and marching.</p><br>
<p>In 1904 the Teacher Residence was further extended to accommodate the large family of the then teacher, Mr. Cooke. The price of the extensions was £59. In 1909 the underpart of the school building was asphalted. The river reserve was added to the school grounds in 1916, adding waterfront land to the school boundary.</p><br>
<p>To commemorate past students killed and wounded in the First World War an Honour Board was erected in 1918 and was placed on the south wall inside the school building.</p><br>
<p>The Logan Village State School was closed in 1981. The school building was raised and built under to accommodate a two level use of the building for community purposes. The Teacher Residence was converted into a local library. The two buildings retain their use as educational facilities. The river front land is now privately owned residential blocks.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Old Logan Village State Primary School and its Teacher Residence consists of two buildings, the earliest (the Teacher Residence) was built in 1894, the other in 1900. The buildings are situated a block from the Logan River and are surrounded by community sports grounds, children&#39;s play grounds and landscaped gardens using native flora.</p><br>
<h3>The Teacher Residence</h3><br>
<p>This building was initially built as the Provisional School in 1894. It is a low set timber framed structure. In 1904 the building, then the Teacher Residence was extended. The front stairs and veranda have recently been replaced with new timber, but replicates the original stairs and veranda.</p><br>
<p>Externally, the building has weatherboard cladding, a corrugated iron double gabled roof, and is supported by steel posts. A veranda exists at the front (north) of the building, with a corrugated iron roof, central timber stair, timber posts and timber rail balustrade. There is two wooden framed windows either side of the front door that have had security bars fixed on them. The entrance door has been replaced with a modern wooden door.</p><br>
<p>The extensions can be easily identified from the outside of the building as the original, single gable roof-line, weatherboards and windows remain in the older section of the building. The 1904 extension enclosed the rear veranda of the building; this is apparent due to the inconsistent roof line as the renovations have added an extra gable at the rear.</p><br>
<p>Two wooden framed windows with timber and iron window hoods and covered ventilation windows above are built in the original part along each side of the building. Another window with a hood and no ventilation window sits beside the first on the east side. On the west side of the original building is a wide, closed doorway with no stairs to the ground. The extended part of the building has a door on the east side with a small wooden staircase to the ground. Two more windows were built into the extended building on the side and at the back, and a small set of louvers have been placed into the east wall where the present bathroom/toilet are.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the original building consisted of two large rooms, and two smaller rooms to the rear, one for a kitchen the other a bathroom, with front and back verandas, but this changed with the 1904 extensions. These changes included adding two extra rooms at the rear of the building, enclosing the rear veranda and fitting a larger kitchen area at the rear. The renovations added an extra five metres to the length of the building.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the existing building has high coved ceilings in the front two rooms. The walls and ceilings are sheeted internally by vertical wooden boarding. The boarding on the walls sits vertically; the boarding on the ceilings follows the curve of the coved ceilings. The divide between the front and middle room has been extended to provide two large rectangular arches, lined with pine wood, placed there for the ease of movement around the library. The present library utilises all the rooms, with large bookshelves and a librarian&#39;s desk. The rear room, the "kitchen", has a wooden partition built from the rear wall to the next wall in the direction of the front of the building, the ceiling boards slope at the corners to create an arched appearance. The west side of this partition once held the stove, and this is apparent due to the large panel of fibrolite placed over the stove culvert. On either side of this culvert are two small windows. Fibrolite panels have been used on the east wall of the rear room in contrast to the other three wooden board walls.</p><br>
<h3>The State School</h3><br>
<p>The State School building was built in 1900. It is a high set, wooden building. Originally it was low set with timber stumps until raised and built under in the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The exterior of the building has weatherboard cladding, a corrugated iron single gabled roof. At the front (north) of the building is a veranda with a central timber stair. The stair and the floor of the veranda are not original but from the renovations in the 1980s. The rail balustrade and veranda posts are timber. There is a swinging wooden gate at the entrance of the top of the stairs. The front door is not original, but of a modern type for security purposes. Above the front door sits an original swing window, to allow extra air and light into the classroom. Two large sash windows are on either side of the front door. The front wall of the veranda consists of exposed, unlined, original timbers. The ends of the veranda have wooden spandrels. The rear (south) of the building has a central wooden staircase. On either side of this staircase are two large wooden sash windows.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the school building consists of one large room and an enclosed annex at the back, originally intended for hand basins and hats and coats. The main area of the school is a large hall with high coved ceilings. The walls are sheeted internally by wooden boarding that sits horizontally; the boarding on the ceilings follows the curve of the coved ceilings. The interior is illuminated by two sets of large, timber framed casement windows with extra top lights. The set on the west of the room are built high to sit above the blackboard. The set on the east of the room are the same size but sit lower on the parallel wall. The students were originally seated facing the west wall, where the blackboard is still situated. The set of windows on the south of the building have exterior timber and iron window hoods.</p><br>
<p>The Roll of Honour for the Logan Village School has been erected on the internal south wall. The annex sits behind this wall to the back of the building. The door to the annex is an original wooden door; a swing window identical to that on the front door sits atop. On either side of this door are two sets of wooden sash windows.</p><br>
<p>The renovation to the building in the 1980s built in underneath. A set of wooden stairs was placed internally from the annex to the ground floor. The interior of the downstairs area is tiled and the walls are plaster board. A small kitchenette has been installed on the south wall. Externally the added walls have been built with wooden boards, similar in appearance to those of the original upper part. The west side of the downstairs area has three wooden windows, the south has two, and the east side has two windows and a large wooden garage door to the rear.</p><br>
<p>The grounds of the State School and Teacher Residence hold a small toilet block situated between the two buildings. The gardens are neatly landscaped with many native trees, shrubs and grasses.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Old Logan Village State School and its Teacher Residence were listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 December 2007 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The former Logan Village State School and Teacher Residence, that opened in 1900, reflects the development of, and changes in, Primary Education in Queensland. As a public building the school is a record of the development of the Logan Village area and the growth of, and changes to, the Logan Village Community. As a set of buildings it is an example of the successful transition that occurred in many areas of early Queensland as the Government&#39;s education policies succeeded, from Provisional School to State School.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>As well proportioned and detailed timber buildings built in a traditional style, the former Logan State School and Teacher Residence makes a substantial contribution to the built character of Logan Village.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The former Logan Village State School and Teacher Residence has a long association with the community of Logan Village and the surrounding areas as an important component of a public educational facility for many years.</p><br>
<p>Waterford State School is a heritage-listed state school at 40 Nerang Street, cnr Jordan Street, Waterford, City of Logan, Queensland, Australia. Block A was designed by Richard George Suter and built in 1871. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 16 October 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Waterford State School Block A is a single-storeyed timber building located at the corner of Nerang and Jordan streets, Waterford. The earliest section was erected in 1871 from local ironbark and pine and was designed for the Board of Education by Brisbane architect, Richard George Suter. It was the first national school opened on the Logan Agricultural Reserve, which was among the earliest and largest of the agricultural reserves established in Queensland in the 1860s when the government was seeking to encourage agricultural immigrants to settle in the new colony. Extensions to the building made in 1884 and in 1888-1889, when a second school room designed by the Department of Public Instruction&#39;s architect John Ferguson was added, created the present form of the building. The play shed was erected in 1898.</p><br>
<p>The Waterford district was opened to closer settlement from the early 1860s, following proclamation on 2 January 1861 of the Logan Agricultural Reserve - 20,000 acres to the north and west of the Logan River, about 17 miles south of Brisbane. The first allotments were offered for selection in April 1862. The reserve was more than doubled in 1863, with an extension of 25,000 acres south and east of the river proclaimed on 7 August 1863. The Reserve then encompassed the districts of Loganlea, Waterford, Logan Reserve, Logan Village, Buccan, Chambers Flat, Stockleigh and parts of Maclean (now North Maclean and South Maclean) and Park Ridge. On 18 October 1864, a further 8,000 acres extension to the Logan Agricultural Reserve was proclaimed - north of the Logan River, around Loganholme.</p><br>
<p>Many of the settlers who first took up land on the Logan Agricultural Reserve in the 1860s were Irish immigrants who had come to Queensland under the auspices of the Queensland Immigration Society, established in 1861 by the Catholic Archbishop of Brisbane, Dr James Quinn. Between 1862 and 1865 approximately 6,000 Irish were encouraged to emigrate to Queensland under this scheme. At Waterford they formed a distinctive community. In the 1870s many of these Irish settlers moved from the Logan Reserve to take up selections at Tamborine Village, Kerry and Rathdowney, as the pastoral runs along the Upper Logan and Albert rivers were opened for selection. As the Irish moved off the Reserve, German immigrants who had taken up land around Bethania (German Pocket) from 1864, moved to the Waterford and Logan Village districts. In the 1860s and early 1870s colonial government encouragement of German immigration to Queensland resulted in a large influx of German settlers into the Logan district from the mid-1860s.</p><br>
<p>The first schools in the Upper Logan and Albert rivers district were associated with the opening of the Logan Agricultural Reserve in the 1860s. A few private schools appeared briefly, but were soon absorbed into the public education system.</p><br>
<p>The Education Act of 1860 created a Board of General Education in Queensland administered by the General Inspector of Schools. Until 1875 the Board was responsible for administering and assisting existing national (state), denominational and private schools and for constructing new national schools.</p><br>
<p>Prior to 1869, the only government-assisted school on the Logan Agricultural Reserve appears to have been the Logan River Non-Vested School, established by the Irish Catholic community at Logan Reserve, north of the river on portion 44, in 1865. The lack of national schools on the Reserve reflected the failure of the early selection Acts and of the Education Act of 1860, which imposed school fees and required still-struggling farming communities to raise one-third of the cost of providing school premises and to guarantee a minimum average attendance of 30 pupils.</p><br>
<p>In 1869, to facilitate primary education in the new agricultural districts, the colonial government introduced a system of provisional schools for smaller communities that could guarantee a student population of 15 (later reduced to 12). Provisional schools were generally temporary structures on non-government land. The government supplied the teacher and school books but did not fund building construction. Many provisional schools were conducted in slab huts and barns - often an existing structure offered by a local farmer. As the community became more established and a larger school population could be guaranteed, provisional schools were upgraded to national schools (later state schools).</p><br>
<p>The Waterford State School was established as the Logan Provisional School, which opened on 29 June 1869 in a barn belonging to Charles Wilson on the east of the Logan River, south-east of the current Waterford State School. Of an initial enrolment of 22, over 75 per cent were from German families.</p><br>
<p>In late 1869 the Waterford community petitioned the Board of Education for the establishment of a permanent national school, taking advantage of the colonial government&#39;s decision to abolish school fees, which came into effect in January 1870. After some debate as to the most accessible location, a site was selected in the centre of the town of Waterford, which had been surveyed in 1866 on the eastern side of the Logan River. This remains the site of the Waterford State School. Students who lived to the north and west of the Logan River attended school via the ferry, until the first Waterford Bridge opened in 1876.</p><br>
<p>Tenders for a national school at Waterford were called in late 1870, the contract being let to Robert Hardy and John Ford of Beenleigh with a price of £140. The community would have contributed one-third of the cost of construction. The building was constructed of locally milled timber and opened in mid-1871 as the Waterford Primary School. It was the first national school constructed on the Logan Reserve. (Beenleigh National School, which opened on 7 February 1871, lay outside the Reserve.) Even so, the Waterford school was closed during parts of 1872 and 1873 due to lack of pupils and apparently to disagreements between the teacher and the local school committee. After a teacher&#39;s residence was erected in late 1873, the situation stabilized.</p><br>
<p>At this period the colonial government engaged private architects to design new school buildings within planning and design parameters set by the Board of General Education. Waterford Primary School was designed by Brisbane architect Richard George Suter, who from 1868 to 1875 was responsible for most Queensland school designs, building mostly masonry schools in urban areas and developing a design for economical, simple-to-construct timber schools in rural areas. This design formed the basis of school planning for the next 50 years. The early Suter timber schools were low-set, gabled structures, rectangular in plan with a porch and no verandahs, and utilised external studding to the walls. After 1873 Suter introduced an "improved plan" adding front and rear verandahs to provide hat rooms and additional play and classroom space. The minimum size of a school was 480 sq feet accommodating 48 pupils. Some plans show the floor slightly stepped to form a gallery. Suter&#39;s "improved plan" was used throughout the colony.</p><br>
<p>In 1876 David Ewart, General Inspector for the Department of Public Instruction, described the Waterford school building as measuring 30 ft by 16 ft, with an entrance porch and no verandahs. It had exterior ironbark studs, pine tongue and groove walls, pine floor boards, and a hardwood shingled roof. The porch had narrow hardwood floorboards and a pine roof.</p><br>
<p>Play sheds were introduced to Queensland schools in the 1870s to provide covered play areas adjacent to low set schools, and about 1874 an open-sided play shed of hardward posts and wall plates and a roof of boughs, was constructed to the south-east of the Waterford Primary School. This structure is no longer extant.</p><br>
<p>The Education Act of 1875 instigated compulsory, free, secular primary education throughout the State. Under this Act the system of provisional schools was retained, but the government no longer funded non-vested schools (denominational and private schools), and the government-owned national and primary schools became known as state schools. The Act also abolished the Board of General Education, which had been responsible for the design of schools in Queensland, and created the Department of Public Instruction. The Colonial Architect, FDG Stanley, was given responsibility for school design and established new standard plans for timber schools.</p><br>
<p>In 1879 responsibility for school design passed from the Colonial Architect&#39;s office to the Department of Public Instruction, which engaged the architect Robert Ferguson until 1885, when he was replaced by his brother John. Robert Ferguson developed new designs, which remained in use until 1893, after which responsibility passed back to the Department of Public Works. Ferguson also favoured single-skin construction, but with studs exposed inside rather than outside. In their designs the Ferguson brothers incorporated roof fleches or vents at high level in the gable walls.</p><br>
<p>By the 1880s the Waterford district was more established, and the Waterford State School population was expanding. In 1884 a 10 ft wide verandah was added to the back of the school building, providing additional classroom space. By 1888 enrolment had risen to around 100, and in late 1888-early 1889 the building was extended to John Fergusons design, with the addition of another classroom measuring 20 ft by 16 ft at the south-east end of the building, and construction of front and rear verandahs along the full length of the extended building. At this time the front porch was removed, to accommodate the 7 ft 8in wide verandah. The whole of the building was roofed with corrugated iron. Drawings show that the second classroom was of single-skin construction with studding exposed externally on the verandahs and internally on the new gable end. Walls were 12 ft high. There was a high level vent in the gable and the ceiling was raked with a vent. There was a three bay window of tall, central pivoting windows with a central sill and a hood on the gable end and 3 pairs of narrow, central pivoting windows in the side walls. The double doors from the front verandah were off centre. The whole of the work, plus additions to the teachers residence, was undertaken by John Fortune of Coomera, at a cost of £320.</p><br>
<p>In 1898 a new play shed was constructed to the north-west of the school building, at a cost of about £49. It had a gravel floor, which in early 1900 was replaced with hardwood flooring (which in turn was replaced with asphalt in 1954). In 1901 the south-west end and 14 ft along each side were enclosed with timber boards in 3 ft sections, so that they could be removed during hot weather. In 1911 this boarding was replaced with corrugated iron sheeting.</p><br>
<p>In 1910 the north-west gabled end of the school building was clad with weatherboards, covering the exposed stud framing, to prevent water damage where the original pine lining had shrunk.</p><br>
<p>In 1939 the raised gallery with fixed seats in each classroom was removed and level flooring provided.</p><br>
<p>From the 1960s the Waterford State School experienced a substantial increase in enrolments, reflecting the expansion of semi-urban settlement in the district. The rear verandah was enclosed to provide extra classroom space, and in 1968 a new school building (block B), with three classrooms and a storeroom, was erected behind and to the north-east of the original school, fronting Jordan Street. When this was occupied in 1969, the early school building was used as a library (accommodated on the enclosed rear verandah) and a tuckshop.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s school facilities expanded to the north-east on the school reserve and the original building was repaired in 1976 with the replacement of guttering, flooring, verandah railing and steps. It still functions as a classroom for individual music tuition and a space for learning support. The teacher&#39;s residence is no longer extant.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The original Waterford State School building stands on Nerang Street, which was the major street in the township of Waterford at the time of construction of the school. The new school complex to the north and east is accessed from Jordan Street at the side.</p><br>
<p>The early school, now block A, is a low-set, gable-roofed, timber structure of two rooms with an open verandah at the front and an enclosed verandah at the rear. The north-western room is the 1871 section and the south-eastern room is the 1888-1889 extension.</p><br>
<p>The studding is exposed on the verandahs of both sections and with the stud layout and cross-bracing typically associated with Suter designs on the north-western part.</p><br>
<p>The 1871 room is 30 ft x 16 ft wide with exposed Queen post trusses and a diagonal boarded ceiling and 140mm horizontal beaded boards on the walls. The windows are narrow horizontal pivot windows placed with two low (although sill heights are high) and one high on the gable walls. The windows in the verandah walls are casements with fanlights over and lower sills and are possibly a modification.</p><br>
<p>The 1888-1889 section is 22 ft long and has a coved timber ceiling with lattice ceiling vents and exposed timber tie beams. The gable vent, visible from outside, has been closed off. The gable wall was possibly originally unlined; the dividing wall is the original gable wall of the 1871 school and retains its high level windows. The windows in the 1888-1889 section are tall vertical pivot in banks of three and have higher sills than those in the verandah walls of the 1871 building. The pairs of doors probably date to 1888-1889 and have stop-chamfered frames with flush-beaded panels to those in the 1888-1889 section.</p><br>
<p>The play shed is a typical hipped-roof, 10-post type with an enclosure at the south-west end facing the road. The roof framing is painted.</p><br>
<p>A palm tree on the Nerang Street boundary may be early. The residence has gone but frangipani trees mark the location of the north-west boundary.</p><br>
<p>The new school buildings, dating from 1968, are located to the north- east of the original school. They are not considered to be of cultural heritage significance for the purposes of this entry in the Queensland heritage register.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Waterford State School (Block A and Play Shed) was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 16 October 2008 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Waterford State School (Block A and Play Shed), established in 1871 as Waterford Primary School with extensions made in 1884 (rear verandah), 1888-1889 (second school room, front verandah and extension of rear verandah) and 1898 (play shed), is important in illustrating the provision of state primary education in early Queensland agricultural settlements, following the passing of the Education Act of 1860, the abolition of school fees in 1870, and the introduction of compulsory secular education under the 1875 Education Act.</p><br>
<p>In particular, the place is significant for its association with the agricultural settlement of the Logan River district. It was the first national school established on the Logan Reserve (one of the earliest and most extensive agricultural reserves in Queensland), and remains in situ and in use as part of the present-day Waterford State School.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Waterford State School (Block A) is a rare and early national school built of timber to the standard design of RG Suter and extended in 1884 and 1888-1889 during the period when the architects Robert and John Ferguson were preparing designs for the Department of Public Instruction. Both parts of the building are unusually intact.</p><br>
<p>Suter schools are significant for the development of exposed framing in Queensland which became a building form of State importance. They were an early standardised form of school design which was to be a model for managing the construction of schools in Queenslands developing rural communities. Suters designs for timber schools were widely distributed but few survive. Only two other substantially intact Suter timber schools have been identified: Morayfield (1873) and Mutdapilly (1874). Schools from the Ferguson period also have become rare.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Waterford State School, comprising Block A (1871 with 1884 and 1888-1889 additions) and Play Shed (1898 with later modifications), is set within a grassed school front yard. The place remains substantially intact and is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a small late nineteenth century rural school. The play shed at Waterford is an important adjunct to the early school building and is typical of the designs produced in the 1890s.</p><br>
<p>The two classrooms in Block A are very intact, retaining most of their early linings, joinery and hardware. As a consequence they are important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of early school design under RG Suter (1868-1873), and changes to school design under Robert and John Ferguson (1879-1893) to incorporate requests by educationalists for more windows, greater ventilation, and wide verandahs. The differing approaches to school design demonstrated in the early Waterford school building include: the different window layouts in the two rooms; the exposed roof timbers in the 1871 room compared with the ceiling lining in the 1888-1889 room with battened ceiling vent leading to a gable vent (now blocked up); the exposed framing inside the gable end of the second classroom (now enclosed with fibrous sheeting); and the differences in window pivoting arrangements. The external framing also is laid out differently in the two building parts.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The place has aesthetic significance for its scale and the visual qualities derived from the materials, the exposed framing and high ceilings, its grassed setting, and its prominent location at the front of the school grounds on one of the main roads through Waterford.</p><br>
<p>St John&#39;s Church is a heritage-listed Anglican church at Mundoolun Road, Mundoolun, City of Logan, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by John Hingeston Buckeridge and built from 1901 to 1915. It is also known as Memorial Church of St John the Evangelist. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 26 November 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Church at Mundoolun is a private family chapel built in 1901 on a property settled by the Collins family in the 1840s. The property is located between Canungra and Beaudesert in the Albert River Valley, South East Queensland. The church is constructed of local sandstone to the design of the Brisbane Diocesan Architect John Buckeridge who was commissioned by the Collins family in 1899.</p><br>
<p>The chapel was built as a memorial to John and Anne Collins by their children, soon after the death of John Collins in 1898. The Collins had arrived in Australia from Ireland in 1839, the same year that the closure of the Moreton Bay penal colony made way for settlement of the area within a fifty-mile radius of Brisbane. Anne&#39;s cousin, William Humphries, had taken up 17,000 acres at Mundoolun in 1842, a venture the Collins followed with great interest. In 1844, they joined him as partners and by 1847, the Collins had bought Humphries out. The family went on to be prominent pastoralists, eventually owning Tamrookum, Rathdowney and Nindooinbah, as well as the home station of Mundoolun.</p><br>
<p>The couple had five children. From 1863, when John Collins&#39; sons joined him in the family business, they began to acquire properties further north and west. In 1877, Robert and William Collins formed the North Australian Pastoral Company in the Northern Territory with other shareholders and their interests and influence were wide-ranging. In 1878/79, Robert and William undertook a world tour which was to have a profound impact on Robert, in particular. In the United States, he was deeply impressed by the National Park movement and upon his return, began a serious campaign for the establishment of a national park in the McPherson Range. He continued this campaign until his death, becoming the Independent Member for Albert in the Queensland Legislative Assembly in 1896 and branch president of the Royal Geographical Society of Queensland in order to further his goal. Unfortunately he did not live to see the proclamation of Lamington National Park which eventually took place in 1915; however, he has been credited with the title of Father of the National Park Ideal.</p><br>
<p>At about the turn of the century, Mundoolun and the Collins family were at the peak of their success. It was decided by the five children that a memorial to their pioneering parents should be built. They selected a site on a ridge of the Birnam Range, near the small cemetery overlooking the homestead and the Albert Valley.</p><br>
<p>The family commissioned architect John Buckeridge to design the chapel. Buckeridge had come to Queensland in 1886 to supervise the construction of St.John&#39;s Cathedral in Brisbane. He had spent five years in the London office of leading ecclesiastical architect John Loughborough Pearson and came to Queensland on the recommendation of Pearson and the Archbishop of Canterbury to assist William Webber, the Bishop of Brisbane, in his ambitious building program for the diocese. Buckeridge was official Diocesan Architect from 1887 and erected about sixty wooden churches throughout Southern Queensland. He moved to Sydney in 1892 but continued as Diocesan Architect until 1902, delegating supervision of his plans to George Henry Male Addison and then Hall and Dods.</p><br>
<p>Hence, it was architect Robin Dods who supervised the construction of St. Johns, Mundoolun. Work began on 22 June 1900. The construction took nearly eighteen months to complete, with fifteen men employed almost continuously for this time. The local stone proved very hard to work and progress was slow. The sandstone was quarried from an area further along the spur on which the church was sited and was brought to the masons shed by dray. The altar, lectern, prayer desk, seats, doors and ceiling timbers were made of red cedar felled at Tamborine Mountain.</p><br>
<p>The Archdeacon of Brisbane, Arthur Evan David, formally dedicated the church on St. John the Evangelist Day, 27 December 1901. However, the church wasn&#39;t consecrated until 29 August 1905, in a ceremony conducted by the Bishop of Brisbane. A tower was added in 1915 as a memorial to Robert Martin Collins who died in 1913. The footings for the tower had been laid in 1900 with the rest of the chapel, but took almost twenty years to be completed. Bells have never been installed. Services at that time were held in the church every second Sunday. More recently, the church has been used for weddings and other public events.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, St John&#39;s Church at Mundoolun is part of the Jimboomba Parish within the Anglican Archdiocese of Brisbane.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Church, Mundoolun is a family chapel constructed of sandstone designed in Early English Gothic style to the design of John Buckeridge. It is sited on the rise of a hill with an avenue of hoop pine leading to the entry porch. A small cemetery, also planted with hoop pines, is located to the southwest of the church.</p><br>
<p>The church is simple in form but has a substantial quality that belies its size. It is orientated with the sanctuary to the southeast and comprises a combined nave and chancel, sanctuary, a southern vestry and northern porch attached, an organ chamber with a gallery and a western bell tower with a baptistry at its base. There is also a corrugated iron rainwater tank on the south side of the church.</p><br>
<p>The walls of the church are of random ashlar sandstone, their thickness indicating a rubble core. The stone is rough dressed with a birds eye texture on the exterior and smooth faced on the interior. Also on the exterior, window surrounds and buttress cappings are smooth tooled. The steeply pitched roof is clad with wide pan corrugated galvanised iron. The porch, vestry and organ chamber have separate gable roofs below the main roof eaves. The north porch ceiling is lined with v-jointed cedar boards and the ornate framed and boarded two-leaf porch door is also made of cedar. The outer porch door has been removed as a result of vandalism and has been replaced by a metal security screen door.</p><br>
<p>The walls of the tower are supported by buttresses. It has a castellated parapet and three belfry windows inset with timber louvres on each side. Lancet windows on each side of the church provide the only lighting for the church. Many of the windows have been replaced or repaired due to vandalism.</p><br>
<p>The interior is characterised by high quality joinery constructed of red cedar gained from the local district. The barrel vaulted ceiling of v-jointed cedar boards is supported by arched ribs, the vestry, porch and baptistry have flat ceilings also lined in cedar. The baptistry has a coffered ceiling with hinged sections, presumably to provide for bell ropes. The organ chamber has a stone vaulted ceiling. Pews, altar rails and other furniture are also of cedar. The floors of the chancel, sanctuary, baptistry and vestry are raised above the floor of the nave and along with the nave passage, are laid with carpet. Around the walls are memorial plaques to various local identities including members of the Collins family.</p><br>
<p>The small cemetery to the southwest of the church contains the graves of many members of the Collins family and their descendents, the Strachan, Delpratt and Balls families. Also buried here is Bullum, also known as John Allen, the last survivor of the Wangerriburra tribe who had a lifelong association with the family.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>St John&#39;s Church was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 26 November 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Church, Mundoolun is important in demonstrating the pattern of development of South-East Queensland, in particular the evolution of the pastoral district around Beaudesert.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>As a substantial masonry private family chapel, St John&#39;s Church, Mundoolun is a rare and uncommon type of building in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s demonstrates the principal characteristics of an Early English Gothic Revival Church, specifically the use of lancet windows, simple rib vaults, buttresses and the addition of a square, castellated bell tower.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>It has strong architectural and aesthetic qualities derived from an accomplished design, a combination of local materials and fine workmanship and an attractive, bucolic setting.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>St John&#39;s Church, Mundoolun has a special association with the Collins family, early settlers of the Beaudesert area who became eminent and influential pastoralists with properties and business interests throughout Queensland and the Northern Territory. Robert Martin Collins is important for the pivotal role he played in campaigning for the establishment of a national park in the McPherson Range and for launching the movement for national parks in Queensland in the 1890s. The cemetery contains the graves of many members of the Collins family and Bullum, also known as John Allen, the last survivor of the Wangerriburra tribe, who had a lifelong association with the family.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The church also has an association with ecclesiastical architect, John Buckeridge.</p><br>
<p>The Tomb of Nadira Begum  is a Mughal era tomb in the city of Lahore, Pakistan, which houses the tomb of Nadira Banu Begum, wife of Mughal prince Dara Shikoh.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Nadira was the wife of Dara Shikoh, who served as the governor of Lahore in the 1640s. In 1659, Dara was fighting his brother Aurangzeb for the Mughal throne. After Daras defeat in the Battle of Deorai, he and his wife tried to flee to Iran through the Bolan Pass, but Nadira died of dysentery and exhaustion. Though Daras troops were depleted, he sent his remaining soldiers to carry his wife&#39;s body from the pass to Lahore, to be buried near the shrine of Mian Mir, whom both considered to be their "spiritual guide".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The tomb is believed to have been robbed of all costly marbles and semi-precious stones during the Sikh period. During Ranjit Singh&#39;s rule "the choicest material from the structure" were robbed leaving it in a "dilapidated" state. The tomb is also a prey to "contemporary vandalism" which is evident from the gaudy graffiti on the mausoleum "with the ugly plague of wall chalking".</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Unlike other Mughal tombs, which are built in gardens, this tomb does not have a dome and was built in a water tank "which was large enough to accommodate a lake". The tomb stands at the center of the tank on a raised platform. The tank was "200 by 200 Mughal gaz in size". Later, however the tank was converted into a Mughal garden. The corners of the tank were denoted by pavilions and the tomb could be accessed through "lofty gateways" on the north and south through a masonry bridge.</p><br>
<p>The bridge stands on thirty arches. The central chamber is 14 feet wide and is surrounded by an ambulatory. The square tomb measures 44 feet on each side and is 32 ft 6 in tall. The first storey is 13 feet and surrounded by square headed apertures. The stairs for reaching the upper storey are located in the northeast and southeast corners. The grave is 6 ft 10 in long, 2 ft 10 in wide and 1 ft 8 in high. Quranic verses are inscribed in Nastaliq script on a marble slab on the northern face of the grave.</p><br>
<p>Dupree–Moore Farm, also known as the Thomas Dupree House, is a historic home and tobacco farm located near Falkland, Pitt County, North Carolina. The house was built between about 1800 and 1825, as a 1 1/2-story, three bay, frame dwelling. It was enlarged to two stories and rear additions added and remodeled in the Greek Revival style about 1848. A two-story rear "T" addition was added about 1861. The house features a one-story full-width shed-roof front porch with Picturesque-style latticework. Also on the property are the contributing smokehouse , tobacco grading house , pump house/utility shed , frame equipment shelter , mule barn , tobacco packhouse , tenant house , tenant tobacco packhouse , sweet potato house , log tobacco barn , tobacco barn , and tobacco packhouse .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Point Barrow Refuge Station is a historic building in the Browerville section of Barrow, Alaska. Built in 1889, it is the oldest wood-frame building in Barrow. Its main portion is a rectangular structure with a steeply-pitched gable roof, to which a number of additions have been made. One early addition was a shed-roof section, with the capacity to hold 20 tons of coal; this structure later became the main room of Brower&#39;s Cafe. The building is now finished in weatherboard, but was original sheathed in vertical planking.</p><br>
<p>The building was originally erected to house a rescue and support station for whaling ships, but served in this role only until 1896. It was adapted for use as the Captain Smythe Whaling and Trading Company, a retail establishment, and most recently housed Brower&#39;s Cafe.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Ingalls House is a historic house on Main Street in Mercer, Maine. Built c. 1835-37, it is a particularly elaborate local example of Greek Revival architecture, made more distinctive by the relatively advanced use of stoves as a heating system at the time of its construction. The house was built by a son-in-law of American Revolutionary War General Henry Knox, and was owned for many years by Hannibal Ingalls, a prominent local businessman. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Ingalls House is set on the south side of Main Street, between its junction with Rome Road and Bog Stream and a short way west of the cluster of buildings that mark the center of the village. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a side gable roof clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. It originally had two chimneys, one at either end, but the one on the right has been taken down. The north-facing front facade has a typical 18th-century symmetrical five-bay facade with a center entrance. The entry is flanked by sidelight windows and framed by simple Greek Revival trim. A single-story shed-roof porch extends across the front, supported by fluted Doric columns. Its entablature extends around the sides of the porch, giving them a partially pedimented appearance. The main roof&#39;s side gables are also fully pedimented, with a narrow entablature extending around the building, and simple pilasters at the corners.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house follows a typical central-hall plan, and has restrained Greek Revival woodwork. Its most unusual feature is the heating system, which was, by the architectural evidence, originally designed for heating provided by stoves rather than open fires. This would have been a technologically advanced choice for central Maine, where many houses were still built with full fireplaces. None of the original stoves was retained when the house heating was modernized in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1835-37 by Ebenezer Thatcher, whose wife Julia was the daughter of American Revolutionary War General and Maine land magnate Henry Knox. Later in the 19th century it was owned by Hannibal Ingalls, a prominent local businessman.</p><br>
<p>Green River Plantation is a historic plantation house on over 360 acres located near Columbus, Polk County, North Carolina. The oldest section of the "Big House" was built between the years 1804-1807, and is a two-story, four bay, Late Federal style frame dwelling. A later two-story, four bay, brick Greek Revival style dwelling was built beside the original structure in the mid-19th century. The two sections were joined in the late 19th century by a two-story section and grand staircase to form a structure that is over 10,000 square feet in size and boasts over 42 rooms and spaces. The plantation house was built by Joseph McDowell Carson, son of Col. John Carson, who built Carson House at Marion, North Carolina. The later-built section of the home was the residence of Samuel Price Carson, North Carolina State Senator and USA Federal Representative, and younger brother of Joseph McDowell Carson.</p><br>
<p>Green River Plantation was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The plantation house and surrounding grounds are a private residence but are open for historic tours with reservation. The grounds and facilities can also be reserved for events such as weddings, receptions, luncheons, concerts, corporate events, and reunions.</p><br>
<p>The Seaboard Coast Line Railroad Depot was a train station in Headland, Alabama. The depot was built in 1893 by the Abbeville Southern Railway, which built a line to connect Abbeville with the Alabama Midland Railway at Grimes. The Alabama Midland and Abbeville Southern became part of the Plant System is 1894, which was taken over by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1901 and merged into the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad in 1967. Regular passenger service through Headland ended in 1929, although mixed service on freight trains continued through the mid-1950s. Freight service was discontinued in 1979. Despite efforts to renovate and repurpose the building, it was demolished after 1980.</p><br>
<p>The depot was built of local pine and oak, and covered with a gable roof with deep, bracketed eaves. The western third of the building was divided into two passenger waiting rooms and the agent&#39;s office, while the eastern two-thirds was a large freight storage area. A loading platform ran the length of the building along the tracks.</p><br>
<p>The station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Transfer House is a historic building located in Central Park in Decatur, Illinois. Built in 1896, the building originally served as a transfer point for Decaturs electric streetcar system. Architect William W. Boyingtons design for the building was influenced by a number of Victorian styles, particularly the Richardsonian Romanesque. The building was ultimately moved to Central Park and is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Transfer House was built on Lincoln Square (Intersection of N/S Main Street and E/W Main Street) in 1896 to serve as Decaturs main transfer point for City Electric Railway streetcars and Illinois Traction System interurban trains. As Lincoln Square was facing competition from other Decatur business districts, local business leaders felt the square needed a grander replacement for its old transfer building. When the Transfer House opened, the businessmen hired an orchestra and offered free souvenirs and train rides to draw visitors to the new building; the opening ceremonies drew large crowds, exceeding the businessmens expectations. The building soon became a focal point of Decatur, as nearly every streetcar traveler in the city needed to stop there to transfer. The open-air bandstand on the building&#39;s roof and its central location made it a convenient place for community events and public gatherings; many prominent speakers, including three USA presidents, gave speeches from the building.</p><br>
<p>After the streetcar and interurban systems ceased operations in the 1950s, the Transfer House was reduced to a bus terminal and lost most of its passenger volume. The Illinois Department of Transportation recommended that the city move the building, as it interfered with traffic on highway US 51; the city complied in 1962, moving the building to Central Park. The city rehabilitated the building in the 1970s, and it continues to serve as a civic symbol and meeting place. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 3, 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>William W. Boyington, a Chicago architect most famous for designing the Chicago Water Tower, designed the Transfer House. His design includes elements of several Victorian architectural styles, the Richardsonian Romanesque style the most prominent among them. The two-story building has an octagonal plan, a design which gave it more interior space without jutting too far into the surrounding streets. Thick limestone arches, a distinct Romanesque feature. form the first-floor windows and entrances of the building. A bell-shaped roof with a wide canopy provided outdoor shelter for passengers. The second floor of the building consists entirely of the open-air bandstand and is covered by a cupola.</p><br>
<p>The Davis C. Cooper House is a historic house located at 301 Main Street in Oxford, Alabama.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The house was built by Davis Clay Cooper in 1911. Cooper was a prominent local business leader, starting in his fathers mercantile business. He later became the president of the Bank of Oxford, and was instrumental in establishing the Blue Springs Cotton Mill and the Oxford Oil Mill, as well as other business ventures. He also served on the city councils of Oxanna (before it merged into Anniston), Anniston, and Oxford, the board of education of Oxford, and was mayor of Oxford for 20 years. The house passed to Coopers daughter, Annie, upon his death in 1943, and was sold out of the family in the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>The house is built in a restrained Colonial Revival style, one of few large-scale examples of the style in Oxford. The two-story house has a truncated hipped roof with exposed rafter ends. The main block of the house is three bays wide, with a one-story entry portico supported by two groups of three columns. The front door has twelve panes of glass, and is surrounded by multi-light sidelights and a transom. The portico is flanked by a grouping of three windows, one six-over-one sash window surrounded by two four-over-one sashes on each side. A similar grouping of casement windows sits above the portico, while the outer bays of the second story feature pairs of six-over-one sashes. On the south (right) of the façade is a one-story sunroom topped with a deck. The interior plan is irregular, with rooms surrounding a central stair hall. Interior details are a blend of Colonial Revival and Late Victorian features.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in 2003 and the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Dudley Snow House is a historic residence in Oxford, Alabama. The house was built around 1832, soon after the Treaty of Cusseta and Muscogee removal in East Alabama. Brothers Dudley and Fielding Snow, born in North Carolina, came to Alabama from East Tennessee to found a farmstead. Dudley Snow built a one-and-a-half-story dogtrot house as the center of a complex that, by the mid-19th century, included a smokehouse, three barns, a cottonseed oil house, a cotton gin, grist mill, tannery, blacksmith shop, and slave quarters. Snow was a small-scale slaveholder, placing him in a class between a large planter and small farmer or sharecropper. The house was renovated in the 1960s, and was moved in the 1990s from the original address at 704 Snow Street  to the actual location of Peek Drive, just across the Talladega County line, to make way for the expansion of Quintard Mall.</p><br>
<p>The house originally had a single room underneath a gable roof on either side of the breezeway, but as Snow prospered, rooms were added on either side underneath a shed roof. Enclosed stairways lead from the central rooms to the upper floor. The open central breezeway was eventually enclosed and the exterior covered in clapboard. The rearmost portion of the dogtrot was left open, forming a recessed porch. The main entrance consists of a double-leaf door with simple sidelights and transom. The interior log walls are covered with horizontal boarding and a chair rail and baseboard. The house also features primitive Federal fireplace mantels. In the 1960s, the entry was replaced with a modern stoop.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Alabama Midland Railway Depot  is a historic train station in Ashford, Alabama. Ashford was founded in 1891 along the Alabama Midland Railway line between Montgomery and Bainbridge, Georgia. The depot was built the next year, and served as the commercial hub of the town. The Alabama Midland became part of the Plant System is 1894, which was taken over by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1901 and merged into the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad in 1967. Nearly all of the downtown area was destroyed in a fire in 1915, but the depot survived. The depot closed in 1978, and was renovated as an event space in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The depot is built of Yellow pine, and sided with 8-inch (20-cm) boards separated by 3-inch (8-cm) slats. The gable roof has wide eaves with stick style brackets. The track-facing side of the building has a projecting bay with three pedimented windows with transoms. Adjacent to the bay is the main entrance, also with transom and pediment, and the main warehouse door. Separate entrances to the two waiting rooms sit in the west gable end; each door has a transom and pediment similar to the main entrance, although all original doors have been replaced. Above these entrances is a panel of gingerbread woodwoork, pointed boards with crosses. The eastern end is an open shed area, however it was enclosed from the 1930s until the 2000s, originally for use as a produce warehouse.</p><br>
<p>The depot was listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in 1977 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Railway Clerks Mountain House, also known as the Mountain Home, Clerks Mountain Home, and Orchard Inn, is a historic country inn located near Saluda, Polk County, North Carolina. The inn  was built in 1926, and is a two-story, six bay, frame building with Colonial Revival and American Craftsman style design influences. It has a hipped roof and features a full width hip-roofed one-story porch supported by slender Tuscan order columns. Also on the property are three contributing guest cottages built about 1926: the "Paulownia" Cottage, "Boxwood" Cottage, and "Twin Poplar" Cottage. The property was originally developed by the Brotherhood of Railway Clerks of the Southern Railway System as a summer retreat. The union retained the property until 1962.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Wickersham House is a historic house museum at Pioneer Park  in Fairbanks, Alaska. The single-story wood frame house was built in 1904 for James Wickersham, one of the dominant political figures of early 20th-century Alaskan history. It was the first frame house  built in Fairbanks, and the first to feature a wooden sidewalk, picket fence, and grass lawn. The house was the first designated state landmark, designated by Governor Walter J. Hickel in May 1966. The house was rescued from demolition by the Fairbanks chapter of the Pioneers of Alaska, and moved from its original site at First and Noble Streets to the newly formed Alaskaland park in 1967. It is now a museum operated by the Tanana-Yukon Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Tryon Country Club is a historic country club located near Tryon, Polk County, North Carolina. The nine-hole golf course was originally laid out in 1914; the course opened in 1917. The donor family attests that the layout was designed by noted golfer Donald Ross. The clubhouse was built in 1922, and is a one-story, five bay, Rustic Revival style log building with two projecting front-gable porches. The pro shop and storage building was built about 1935, and is a one-story side-gable frame structure, with additions made about 1940, 1958, and 1972. Also on the golf course is a contributing one-story frame building known as the Summer House and added in 1958.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Wabash Railroad Station and Railway Express Agency is a historic railway station located at 780 East Cerro Gordo Street in Decatur, Illinois. Built in 1901, the station served trains on the Wabash Railroad, the most economically significant railroad through Decatur. Architect Theodore Link designed the Classical Revival building. Service to the station ended in the 1980s, and it has since been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The railroad first reached Decatur in 1854, when the Great Western Railroad built a line through the city. Decatur built Union Station, its first railway station, in 1856 to serve this line. By 1901, the Great Western Railroad had consolidated into the Wabash Railroad, and the old Union Station had fallen into disrepair. The railroad built the present station that year at a cost of $70,000; railroad superintendent H. L. Magee considered the new building one of the most impressive on the line. The Wabash Railroad was the only east-west railroad through Decatur, and its passenger and freight services in the city were both busy. 72 daily passenger trains brought travelers to and from the city at the lines peak in 1907, and $350,000 to $400,000 worth of freight was shipped through the station yearly. The railroad was also Decaturs largest employer; as Decatur was a major hub, it kept division offices and a large dispatcher force there as well as employing railroad operators from the city. Passenger service from the station began to decline in the 1920s, though the railroad (which later merged into the Norfolk & Western) continued service to Decatur until the formation of Amtrak in 1971. Amtrak unsuccessfully attempted to restart service later in the decade, but the station closed for good in the early 1980s. The station was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 4, 1994; it is the only remaining historic railroad station in Decatur.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>St. Louis architect Theodore Link designed the station in the Classical Revival style. The station consists of two unconnected parts, built in a similar style from the same materials; the station building itself and the Railway Express Agency building. Both buildings are two stories tall and were built from yellow brick and limestone with terra cotta and sandstone trim. The stations main and east entrances are topped by a pediment with ornamental modillions and flanked by Ionic pilasters. The stations first-floor windows have arched sandstone frames and sills, and two terra cotta belt courses circle the building above and below the second floor The corners of the building have limestone quoins.</p><br>
<p>Lewis–Thornburg Farm, also known as the Thornburg Farm, is a historic home and farm complex near Asheboro, Randolph County, North Carolina. The farmhouse was built about 1855, and is a two-story, single-pile, three-bay, frame dwelling. It has a gable roof and a two-story rear ell, a one-story rear kitchen wing and a one-story enclosed rear porch. Other contributing resources are two grape arbors , a smokehouse , an equipment shed/garage , an outhouse , five chicken houses , a dog house and pen , pigeon boxes , two equipment sheds , a storage shed, a barn , a tack shed , a carriage house , a three-board fence , an animal chute , a hog shelter , a wood shed , a hog house , and the agricultural landscape.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Atlantic Coastline Railroad Passenger Depot is a historic train station in Dothan, Alabama. By 1907, the town had outgrown its depot, and the freight depot had to be pressed into passenger service. When the new depot was completed, it was the largest and busiest on the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad between Montgomery, Alabama, and Thomasville, Georgia. The Atlantic Coast Line merged with the Seaboard Air Line Railroad in 1967 to form the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad. Passenger service to Dothan ended in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The depot is two stories, with a one-story portion on the western third. The first story&#39;s hipped roof wraps around the entire building, and has deep eaves supported by large brackets. All windows are two-over-two sashes with heavy granite sills and lintels. Double-leaf doors with transoms led to the two waiting rooms. The track side has a projecting bay that served as the ticketing window.</p><br>
<p>The station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Roosevelt Junior High School is a historic school located at 701 West Grand Avenue in Decatur, Illinois. Built from 1917 to 1921, the school was the second exclusive middle school in the city behind the now closed Centennial Junior High School. Decatur architectural firm Brooks, Bramhall12174130110 & Dague designed the school in the Collegiate Gothic style, a popular choice for educational buildings at the time. The three-story building is built from red brick and features terra cotta trim designed to resemble stone. The front entrance is designed to resemble a castle&#39;s keep, with octagonal turrets on either side and the extensive use of terra cotta to form arches, piers and spandrels. The rest of the building features buttresses and Gothic arches throughout, and a battlement surrounds the edge of the roof. The school operated continuously from its opening until 2000.</p><br>
<p>The school was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 9, 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Eli Ulery House is a historic house located on County Route 60 southeast of Mount Zion, Illinois. The house was built circa 1860 for Eli Ulery, an early settler of Macon County. The Italianate structures features bracketed eaves and a cupola atop the roof. Ulery came to the county in the 1830s; he worked as a cowboy until he started his own cattle farm in 1851. Ulery became wealthy enough to build his house in the ensuing decade, and by his death in 1897 he had more than doubled his holdings and branched out into horse breeding and crop farming. His son, Eli S. Ulery, continued to expand the farm and donated land for a 40 acre Chautauqua park.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 1, 1979.</p><br>
<p>Howell School is a historic school building in Dothan, Alabama. The school was built in 1902 to replace the previous grammar school that had burned in 1901. It was named in 1916 for the recently deceased Dr. Robert Graves Howell, who was mayor when the first grammar school was built. A second school was built in 1911, and Howell was replaced by Minnie T. Heard Elementary School in 1942. After being used by the Salvation Army during World War II, the building was converted for use as a textile mill in 1947. A number of companies operated out of the building until 1952, when the Dothan Manufacturing Company took over the property. A one-story addition was constructed on the front of the building in 1965, obscuring the façade. The plant closed in 1997, and was sold to the Southern Alabama Regional Council on the Aging in 2003, before the city re-acquired it in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The building combines Romanesque Revival and Renaissance Revival styles. The front façade originally had a mansard roofed tower, which was later removed. The outer three bays as well as the center bay project slightly, and are separated by pilasters with Corinthian terra cotta capitals. The entablature contains a plain architrave and frieze separated by a terra cotta band, and a pressed metal cornice with modillions. On the main façade, two dormers project from the hipped roof, while gabled dormers with round vents pierce the roof on the ends. A wing projects from the center of the rear of the building. All second floor window openings, as well as the multi-story windows on the wing, are arched with terra cotta hoodmolds.</p><br>
<p>The school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Trobaugh-Good House is a historic house located at 1495 Brozio Lane in the Rock Springs Center for Environmental Discovery southwest of Decatur, Illinois. The house was built c. 1847–53 as part of the Ward Settlement, one of the first communities in the area which became Macon County; it is one of the few buildings from the settlement which still survives. The settlement was formed by migrants from the Upland South; Joseph M. Trobaugh, who first owned the house, was one of the later arrivals from the region. The house was originally a one-room log pen house, a typical construction style among the migrants. As larger houses became more popular in the area in the 1850s, the house gained two additions. The first addition added a lean-to kitchen in back of the house, while the second was a saddlebag extension, a common vernacular addition that gave the house a parlor.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 1, 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Lož Karst Field , also known as the Lož Valley , is a karst field in Inner Carniola in southwest Slovenia. It is the smallest karst field in Inner Carniola.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Lož Karst Field lies between the Bloke Plateau to the north, Mount Race (Racna gora, 1,140 m) to the east, and Mount Snežnik to the west. It is about 6 km long and 4 km wide, and lies on Triassic dolomite oriented in the Dinaric direction.</p><br>
<p>Little Obrh Spring (Izvir Mali Obrh) lies on the south edge of the karst field in Kozarišče near Snežnik Castle and is fed by water from Mount Snežnik. Big Obrh Spring (Izvir Veliki Obrh) lies on the east side of the karst field, near Vrhnika pri Ložu, and is fed by water from Mount Race and the Potok Plateau in the Loški Potok area. The streams from the two springs join west of Pudob to create Obrh Creek, a losing stream that disappears on the north edge of the karst field into 850 m Golobina Cave west of Dane, emerging to the west at Lake Cerknica. Flooding affects only the western part of the karst field, below Dane, which is uninhabited. In the past, more of the karst field used to flood, and so at the end of the 19th century a lower entrance was cut into the cave, which reduced the depth and duration of flooding.</p><br>
<h2>Settlements</h2><br>
<p>The settlements in the Lož Karst Field are relatively large and have a clustered or linear layout. Stari Trg pri Ložu is the economic and cultural center of the area.</p><br>
<h2>Economic activity</h2><br>
<p>The karst field ranges between 570 m and 590 m in elevation and is surrounded by steep wooded slopes. The flat areas are used for tilled fields, and lower parts near the creeks for meadows. There are also meadows and pastures along the edges of the gentler slopes, especially on the sunny sides, where animal husbandry is practiced. The wood and metal industry has developed in Stari Trg pri Ložu.</p><br>
<p>Franklinville Historic District is a national historic district located at Franklinville, Randolph County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 137 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 5 contributing structures in the central business district and surrounding residential sections of Franklinville. It includes buildings built between about 1819 and the late 1920s and notable examples of Victorian and Greek Revival architecture. Notable buildings include the Franklinville Manufacturing Company complex, Johnson-Julian House , Horney-Curtis-Buie House , a group of antebellum mill houses , Madison Brower House , Hanks Lodge , Frazier-Fentress House , Franklinville Methodist Church , Grove Hotel , and Franklinville Store Company .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Larsson–Noak Historic District encompasses a collection of buildings constructed by Swedish immigrants to northern Maine between about 1888 and 1930. The district is focused on a cluster of four buildings on Station Road, northeast of the center of New Sweden, Maine. Notable among these is the c. 1888 Larsson-Ostlund House, which is the only known two-story log house built using Swedish construction techniques in the state. Across the street is the c. 1900 Noak Blacksmith Shop, a virtually unaltered building housing original equipment. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Larsson–Noak Historic District encompasses a rural agricultural landscape of 50 acre in southeastern New Sweden. On the north side of Station Road stands the Lars Noak Blacksmith Shop, a single-story wood frame building with a gable roof. Oriented roughly north-south, with its side to the road, the shop has a double-leaf door in the southern gable end, with a sash window to its right. The eastern facade has six sash windows, and the north facade has a single-leaf door and three sash windows. The walls are finished in wooden shingles. The interior of the building houses a forge, anvil, and blacksmithing tools original to its c. 1900 construction.</p><br>
<p>Across the street from the shop stands the Larsson-Ostlund House, a three-section structure whose oldest portion is a two-story log structure, finished in wooden clapboards. Extending to the north from this original block are two additions of wood frame construction. The main facade of the original block is three bays wide, with a center entry and five sash windows, all framed by simple trim. The walls are fashioned out of logs fitted using traditional Swedish dovetail joinery, and extend all the way up into the gables. No other houses in the state are known to extend log construction through two floors, or into the gable ends, which are usually framed with dimensional lumber. The first addition to the north has a two-story saltbox shape, with a secondary entrance and a porch extending across its width. The second addition is a simple single-story structure, with two sash windows flanking a wide vertical-board door.</p><br>
<p>Other features of the district include a potato house, built c. 1928, which is a two-story gambrel-roofed wood-frame structure on a concrete foundation, and a single-bay garage, also a wood-frame structure, built about 1910. The foundational remains of the property&#39;s barn lie a short way to the north.</p><br>
<p>New Sweden was settled by Swedish immigrants under a program initiated by the state in 1861 to draw migrants to northern Maine. By 1880 the "Swedish colony" was a thriving community with 163 households, and the program had drawn more than 1,000 immigrants to locations across the state. This property was settled by the Larsson family in 1870, who built the house and garage. In 1910 most of the land was bought by George Ostlund, who added the potato house. The blacksmith shop was built by Noak Larsson&#39;s son Lars Noak, on land given to him by his father.</p><br>
